Monday, December 30, 2019

Essay on ben franklin - 635 Words

Ben Franklin Ben Franklin became famous for being a scientist, an inventor, a statesman, a printer, a philosopher, and a librarian. Today, we honor Ben Franklin as one of the men who founded America and as one of Americas greatest citizens. Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston on January 17, 1706. He was the tenth son of soap maker, Josiah Franklin. Though Ben only had one year of schooling he was educated and loved to read and write. He worked as an apprentice to his brother, James, who was a printer, when he was fifteen years old. At the age of seventeen, Ben ran away and started a new life in Philadelphia as a result of arguments with James. Franklin found work as an apprentice printer and did so well the provincial governor of†¦show more content†¦In 1731 he established one of the first subscription libraries in America, the Library Company of Philadelphia., under the pen name Richard Saunders. He also helped to found the first firehouse, Philadelphias Union Fire Company and an insurance company, the Philadelphia Contribution for Insurance Against Loss by Fire. In 1737, Ben was appointed deputy postmaster of Philadelphia. In 1749, Ben retired from his business career and concentrated on science, experiments, and inventions. He founded the American Philosophical Society, an organization to promote advancements in science. His studies oviously paid off because Ben Franklin was the inventor of several important inventions. He invented a heat-efficient stove, swim fins, the glass armonica, and bifocals. Ben’s observations, including his kite experiment which verified the nature of electricity and lightening, brought him international fame. Benjamin Franklin was not only a man of scientific accomplishments, but political accomplishemtns as well. . At first, he went back to England to represent Pennsylvania. He remained in England till 1775 as a Colonies representative for Pennsylvania, Georgia, New Jersey, and Massachusetts. When the British ratified the Stamp Act, Ben helped to persuade Parliament to repeal it. Benjamin Franklin began to support the idea of the Colonies separating from England. He returned home to find that his son William, now the governor of NewShow MoreRelated Ben Franklin Essay1642 Words   |  7 PagesBen Franklin Benjamin Franklin was one of the most influential people in American history. Franklin was born on January 17, 1706, in a small town in Boston. Benjamin was one of ten children. His father, Josiah was a candle and soap maker, and his mother Abiah Folger was a homemaker. When Benjamin was only twelve years old he signed his identures so that he could apprentice under his brother, working at a printing press. Here he worked for his brother James for over nine years. BenjaminRead More Ben Franklin Essay780 Words   |  4 Pagesan historian looks at the present, he sees the effects of many events and many profound people. Benjamin Franklin is one of these people. His participation in so many different fields changed the world immensely. He was a noted politician as well as respected scholar. He was an important inventor and scientist. Particularly interesting is his impact on the scientific world. Benjamin Franklin was a modest man who had had many jobs in his lifetime. This may h elp explain his large array of inventionsRead MoreBen Franklin Research Paper1498 Words   |  6 Pagesresponsible for America’s success today. His name is Benjamin Franklin. This report will explain a lot of the significant events in his life that really made him the influential figure that we know of today. Benjamin Franklin was known for being many things including a scientist, inventor, statesman, musician, philosopher, economist, and a printer. Saying he was one of the most influential figures in history is an understatement. Ben Franklin started his young life as a printer. Although, this was notRead MoreEssay about Ben Franklin700 Words   |  3 PagesBen Franklin Ben Franklin is one of the most dynamic figures in the history of America. As a philosopher, scientist, writer, inventor, diplomat, and more he had far reaching effects on America and the world both in his time and today. Franklin was one of the first people to recognize himself as American and distinguish the people of the new nation as something more than British colonists. As an American, Franklin sought to improve the country through the creation of institutions and theRead More Ben Franklin and William Bradford Essay503 Words   |  3 PagesBen Franklin and William Bradford Although William Bradford and Ben Franklin lived 100 years apart from one another, they share at least one common theme: each man adhered to and dedicated himself to a particular system of belief. One key difference between Bradford’s faith and Franklin’s ideal of success is that Bradford believed that the way to improvement was through God. Franklin believed that the only person or thing that could make things happen was you. Bradford’s point isRead MoreEssay on Ben Franklin: Early Life1685 Words   |  7 PagesBen Franklin: Early Life In his many careers as a printer, moralist, essayist, civic leader, scientist, inventor, statesman, diplomat, and philosopher, for later generations of Americans he became both a spokesman and a model for the national character. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts on Jan. 17, 1706, into a religious Puritan household. His father, Josiah, was a candlemaker and a skillful mechanic. His mother, Abiah Ben’s parents raised thirteen children--the survivors of Josiah’s seventeenRead MoreBen Franklin Autobiography Summary1797 Words   |  8 PagesThe man Benjamin Franklin eventually became a man of good character and willingness to accept others. However, as the story of Ben Franklin unfolds you see he was indeed just a man. A man found to be of the same fault and human flaw as us all to which we were born, and that is into sin. Franklin as well as all people fell short. God told us in his word long before Ben Franklin ever existed. Romans 3:23 states â€Å"for all have si nned and fall short of the Glory of God.† (NIV). Franklin did prove howeverRead MoreEssay about Ben Franklin627 Words   |  3 Pages Benjamin Franklin stands tall among a small group of men we call our Founding Fathers. Ben used his diplomacy skills to serve his fellow countrymen. His role in the American Revolution was not played out on the battlefields, but rather in the halls and staterooms of governments. His clear vision of the way things should be, and his skill in both writing and negotiating, helped him to shape the future of the United States of America. His most important service was as a member of the ConstitutionalRead MoreHenry David Thoreau And Ben Franklin994 Words   |  4 Pagesnecessary for everyday life; it has become vital to a society that is ever more dependent on technology. Nevertheless, reading is beneficial in ways that listening and watching movies can never be. The works of Anne Bradstreet, Henry David Thoreau, and Ben Franklin help acknowledge this idea through the impacts they have had on readers still today. If you ask anyone about a book that was also made into a movie which they prefer, most of the time their response is that they preferred reading the book. WhyRead MoreAnalysis Of Ben Franklin And The Middle Of The Storm2070 Words   |  9 Pageslong way since they were first being discovered. That is not to say that what was originally thought is now wrong or obsolete, but rather has been added to or has been more refined. When most people think of electricity what comes to mind is Ben Franklin with his kite and a key in the middle of the storm. However, that is only one completely minor detail which led to the discovery and the ability to harness and use what was already happening in nature. Only on a scale that could be used by an

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Sociological causes of Homosexuality - 4486 Words

â€Å"THE SOCIOLOGICAL CAUSES OF HOMOSEXUALITY Department of Social Sciences College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines, Los Baà ±os Los Baà ±os, Laguna October 2012 INTRODUCTION The existence of gender classification determines our sexual segmentation. They are classified as either males or females. These gender classifications are also used as bases of physical work capacities, clothing preferences, decisions for priority and the like. More often than not, these segmentations represent the differences of their demographic and psychographic profiles. However, the existence of homosexuality has blurred these distinguishing features. Moreover, this phenomenon has never been inevitable particularly in every†¦show more content†¦Factors included would be the existence of self-confessed homosexual characters or celebrities, fictional or non-fictional, in television shows, radio programs, or in pieces of literature that shed positive light on homosexuality. The influences by these people can be observed in the increasing number of gays who start coming out of the closets. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Homosexuality is commonly defined as the sexual interest and romantic attraction in members of the same sex. In contrast, heterosexuality is sexual attraction to the opposite sex, while bisexuality is attraction to both sexes. Like heterosexuality and bisexuality, homosexuality is evident in sexual dreams and fantasies, sexual acts, romantic attraction, and falling in love. The terms â€Å"homosexual† and heterosexual were coined by the sexual law reformer K. M. Benkert, and used in an article he wrote for a German newspaper in 1869. They were then all forgotten until rediscovered by the Berlin sexologist Magnus Hirschfeld in 1905. â€Å"Homosexuality† is derived from the Greek homos, meaning same (heteros means other), and Latin sexus, meaning sex. â€Å"Homosexuality† then quickly became the accepted scientific and everyday term for referring to same-sex contacts, between either men or women. The term â€Å"lesbian† gained popularity more than a century ago. Today, it is the accepted term for female homosexuality. It derivesShow MoreRelatedTheories of Homosexuality849 Words   |  4 PagesTheories of Homosexuality Through the biological perspective of deviance, sociologists have linked homosexuality to hormones, genes and the brain (Taylor, Thio Schwartz, 2013). Hormonal theory does not describe a cause of homosexuality. Genetic Theory describes the cause of homosexuality as people being born gay. The brain theory is much more in depth about the cause of homosexuality. It states that the size of a person’s hypothalamus will cause them to be homosexual or not. Gay’s hypothalamusesRead MoreHomosexuality And Homosexuality1257 Words   |  6 PagesHOMOSEXUALITY IN LIGHT OF UTILITARIANISM Homosexuality is the act of developing sexual desire to people of the same sex and even engaging in sexual relations with the people of the same sex. The theory of utilitarianism which was founded by Jeremy Bentham basically lays its foundations on the theme of morality. It advocates that morality should only be measured by the contribution to achieve happiness and pleasure amongst all people though the maximization of utility. It is true that happiness isRead MoreCompare and contrast two main sociological theories of crime and deviance.1636 Words   |  7 PagesCompare and contrast the two main sociological theories of crime and deviance. Deviance and crime are wide-ranging terms used by sociologists to refer to behavior that varies, in some way, from a social norm.  Cultural Norms are societys propensity towards certain ideals; their aversion from others; and their standard, ritualistic practices. Essentially the norm is a summation of typical activities and beliefs of group of people.  This essay will evaluate the sociological theories associated with crimeRead MoreHomosexuality As A Psychological Disorder1511 Words   |  7 PagesThe social argument for homosexuality dates back to the ancient Greeks. Aristophanes, in his Symposium investigates homosexuality, although not termed as such, as a desire by men to share a long-term fulfillment of the soul. He believed that two souls are longing to be together, and the sexual desire alone is not strong enough to create homosexuality, but that the cultural environment allows or forbids the relationship to occur (Heffner, 2003). The debate about homosexuality dates bac k further thanRead MoreEssay about Homosexuality661 Words   |  3 PagesHomosexuality Homosexuality is said to be a preference for affiliation and sexual activity with a person of the same sex. The potential for homosexual behavior appears to be a basic part of human sexuality, since many people experience homosexual interest, curiosity, or activity at some point in their lives. Homosexual behavior has also been observed in most animal species. Many homosexuals prefer to be called gay or, in the case of women, lesbian because of the exclusively sexual connotationRead MoreHomosexuality And Its Effects On Society Essay1650 Words   |  7 PagesMany people believe and have debated whether or not homosexuality is a choice that one freely makes, while others believe a combination of genetics, hormones and environment have a factor in one’s sexuality and sexual development. Homosexuality is something one cannot choose to be. Primarily, homosexuality can be defined as a romantic or sexual attraction that involves people of the same gender. Male homosexuals are ref erred to as gays while the female ones are called lesbians. Ideally, since timeRead MoreA Glance At Modern Society1147 Words   |  5 Pagesdoesn’t know what it feels like to be disliked, even rejected, momentarily or for sustained periods of time†¦ It may even be that some of us know what it is like to be actually hated - hated for things we have no control over and cannot change.† Homosexuality has many misconceptions surrounding the lifestyle; from disease to personality traits. The social life of those individual was not the only thing affected; their rights as a human being have been restricted. Laws have been made in certain countriesRead MoreSociological Imagination Was Coined By Sociologist C. Wright Mills1649 Words   |  7 PagesSociological imagination was coined by sociologist C. Wright Mills in 1959 to describe the ability to remove oneself from a given situation whether it affects your life or not personally and try to imagine the situation or conf lict from a different perspective or more global view. It’s the personal perspective that affects our judgments, opinions and actions to a situation. Removal of the personal viewpoint gives us an unbiased way to make a decision that is fair. Removing past prejudices and moresRead MoreAnalysis Of Richard D. Mohr s Prejudice And Homosexuality 1418 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Prejudice and Homosexuality†, by Richard D. Mohr, is an essay about how gays and lesbians are subject to discrimination because of different beliefs. Mohr says that when we are evaluating the morality of behavior is to be prescriptive, or normative, not descriptive. In this essay, Mohr says that â€Å"Gays are discriminated against in several ways, including private-sector employment, housing, public accommodations, insurance of all types, custody, adoption, and zoning regulations that bar ‘singles’Read MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal And The Normalization Of Homosexuality1422 Words à ‚  |  6 Pagesachieving their goal and legalizing gay marriage. However despite gay marriage becoming legal and the normalization of homosexuality, the LGBQT community continues to face scrutiny over their lifestyle. I will be talking about the various conflicts the community faced in the past and continues to face in the present. And the various sociological concepts that links as to why homosexuality is seen by society as deviance , such as the Functionalist perspective and Socialization. According to the American

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Raymond’s Run Essay Free Essays

Raymond’s Run Essay This is a story by the writer Toni Cade Bambara who describes the events that take place in the life of a skinny girl named Hazel Elizabeth Deborah Parker, a little African-American girl with a squeaky voice that has passion to run. However the tale begins describing the members of her family, the author writes more about Hazel and her brother Raymond. Raymond is not quite right; apparently he suffers a metal disease. We will write a custom essay sample on Raymond’s Run Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now He’s bigger and older than Hazel, but a lot of people call him Hazel’s little brother because he needs to be looking after. Squeaky† often takes strolls down Broadway so she can practice her breathing exercises while she keeps an eye on her brother all the time. She makes Raymond walk on the inside because he always makes fantasies so he starts thinking he’s a circus performer and that the curb is a tightrope strung high in the air. Hazel is known as Mercury because she is the swiftest thing in the neighborhood, only her father can beat her to Amsterdam Avenue with Hazel having a two hydrant head start and him running with his hands in his pockets and whistling. Hazel is loyal to her brother, always ready to protect him. She’s a person, who doesn’t tolerate standing and listening talks from somebody else, she likes to get right over things quickly. She doesn’t like much a girl named Gretchen and her friends Mary Louise Williams from Baltimore and Rosie because Gretchen’s a potential rival for the fifty-yard dash. She believes she’s tough, not a strawberry or someone who enjoys dancing on her toes, she likes to run and this passion had made her to win many trophies, ribbons and it’s because of her velocity. Every time just before she takes off in a race, she feels like she is in a dream, the kind you have when you’ve fever and feel hot and weightless. She usually dreams she flies over a sandy beach in the early morning sun, touching the leaves of the trees. She also perceives the smell of apples just like in the country when she used to think she was a choo-choo train. Near the end Hazel competes against Gretchen P. Lewis at the May Day races, she wins and Gretchen comes in second. This result makes her realize that she is not the only working person who tries hard to get things done, so she started to look her rival in a very different way with a big smile of respect between them. So there she was, thinking about all the prices she’s have got and that she could retire by the time, it occurred to her that she could train her brother to become a champion as the tradition of the family is. Other characters: * Her family: The mother, father and George. * Cynthia Procter * Mr. Pearson (Jack the Beanstalk) How to cite Raymond’s Run Essay, Essays

Friday, December 6, 2019

Ethical Advertising free essay sample

Where there is major concern is with the asset and decency aspect of advertising. Companies must make a greater effort in improving their advertisements to be more tasteful, decent and socially responsible. Ethical Advertising My definition of advertising ethics includes three components: (1) truth, (2) fairness, and (3) taste and decency (Snyder, Wallace S). These three components, if followed, would make advertising in an ethical manner easier for companies that are big on advertising.When it comes to being honest, advertising companies know that they must be truthful or they could be sued for false advertising. This part of ethical advertisement is usually covered wrought regulations by the federal government. The two other components, however, are where advertising companies are lacking. Fairness includes both the nature of the audience and the nature of the seen,ice or product (Snyder, Wallace S). When advertising on television advertising companies must consider who would be watching certain shows at certain times and advertise accordingly. Areas for Improvement Though fairness still needs some considerations, the area that seems to need much improvement is that of taste and decency, while clear cut standards are not possible, advertisers must demonstrate greater self-restraint and how respect for everyone who will view their advertisements (Snyder, Wallace S). In todays society, there should be more considerations when it comes to public advertising whether it is television, billboard or magazine advertisements.Advertising companies must look at the public as a whole and realize that certain advertisements are appropriate at certain times and in certain areas and other advertisements are completely inappropriate. Taste and decency when deciding on their advertising idea. Companies that advertise must be honest. It is very rare to see a company or business that is dishonest within advertising. There are many regulations about how to advertise and how advertising should be truthful. The Federal Trade Commission even has a statement on deception in advertising.Within this statement Section 12 specifically prohibits false ads likely to induce the purchase of food, drugs, devices or cosmetics and Section 1 5 defines a false ad for purposes of Section 12 as one which is misleading in a material respect (Miller Ill, James C). This means a company can not advertise a food product to be fat free when indeed the product contains fat. Another example is that drugs cannot be advertised as pain relievers if they in fact do to relieve pain.The Federal Trade Commission also defines that practices that have been found misleading or deceptive in specific cases include false oral or written representations, misleading price claims, sales of hazardous or systematically defective products or services without adequate disclosures, failure to disclose information regarding pyramid sales, use of bait and switch techniques, failure to perform promised services, and failure to meet w arranty obligations (Miller Ill, James C). This proclaims that anything that is being advertised for sale cannot be deceptive in any way.Due to these isolations and many others, advertising companies have a hard time with getting away with anything but the truth. For that reason they stick to it rather than be sued later for going against it, which would cost them more money in the end. Advertisers fail, however, when it comes to whom to advertise to and how they are advertising their product. TO whom and how companies advertise should all be considered under the Federal Trade Commission Policy Statement of Unfairness.The Commission identifies three factors that are considered when applying the prohibition against consumer unfairness. These are: (1) whether the practice injures nonusers; (2) whether it violates established public policy; (3) whether it is unethical or unscrupulous (Uppercuts, Michael, Paul R. Dixon, David A. Clayton, Robert Pittston, and Patricia P. Bailey. ). Consumer injury cannot be just any little thing that a consumer themselves consider an injury. Consumer injury is justified under the satisfaction of three tests. (1) It must be substantial; (2) it must not be outweighed by any countervailing benefits to consumers or competition that the practice produces; and (3) it must be an injury that consumers themselves could not reasonably have avoided Uppercuts, Michael, Paul R. Dixon, David A. Clayton, Robert Pittston, and Patricia p. Bailey. ). This is imposed so that people do not claim any little thing as an injury. The second part of the Statement of unfairness asks whether the conduct violates public policy as it has been established by statute, common law, industry practice, or otherwise. This criterion may be applied in two different ways. (1) It may be used to test the validity and strength of the evidence of consumer injury, or, less often, (2) it may be cited for a disposition legislative or judicial determination that such injury is present Patricia p. Bailey. ). The third and final part of the Statement of Unfairness asks whether the conduct was immoral, unethical, oppressive, or unscrupulous (Uppercuts, Michael, Paul R. Dixon, David A. Clayton, Robert Pittston, and Patricia P.Bailey. ). This is the hardest part of the Statement to be proved. However, when advertising is unethical there is usually some sort of consumer injury. Advertising to Children Another issue with the whole aspect of fair advertising is advertising to children. Is it fair to target children during after school programming? With children watching approximately 1 500 hours of T. V a year, it is of concern to what is being advertised during childrens programs (Herr, Ph. D. , Norma).One big area of advertising that was affected by the issue of advertising to children was the food industry. Child obesity is a huge epidemic in the United States and of huge concern. McDonalds has been ridiculed over and over on its unethical form of advertising to children. They have their mascot Ronald McDonald the clown, they have happy meals with toys in them and they advertise during children programming. After all the ridicule, McDonalds decided not to rely on Ronald the clown as much anymore in its advertisements.McDonalds still has toys in their happy meals, but they also have more nutritional options such as, apple dippers and milk instead of fries and soda pop. McDonalds also advertises more of the nutritional options during children programming. Of course the McDonalds Corporation did not make all these changes on their own. McDonalds had to be sued constantly and put to trial for its unethical practices until a change was made. Other companies like Coca-Cola, Mars, Hershey and Catbird Adams USA -? said they would not advertise at all to children (Clifford, Stephanie).All these impasses are making major improvements in the way they advertise to children, but there are still other companies that continue to target children. The toy industry is one of those. Toy advertisements make toys look better than they are. Children do not know to listen to or read the disclaimers within commercials; they just see a toy they like then beg their mom or dad or both to buy them that toy. For example, Barbie commercials should not include the house and car along with the Barbie if it is not included all in one package. There is not much noise about toy advertisement because there is to actual injury to consumer; however it is still unethical to confuse the child and could be considered unfair as well. Ethical Advertising: Taste and Decency While being honest and fair within advertising is of concern, the biggest concern with ethical advertising today is how some companies do not consider taste and decency when advertising their products. Now a days there is sexual and violent advertising every where people look.According to Dora and Job Dubitable, Today more than ever before, companies use nudity and alcohol appeals in advertisements for their products (such as half-naked nouns and beautiful women). Strasbourg and Demonstrates (1999) charge advertising with a number of ethical breaches, most of which focus on its apparent lack of social responsibility (Dubitable, Job, and Dora Dubitable). Advertisers need to be aware that whatever it is that they are advertising in whatever way they are advertising it will be seen by millions of people nationwide.One advertisement featuring a woman dressed in a racy nun costume and a priest about to share a kiss was banned due to the numerous complaints of its sexuality and its offensiveness. The saucy press ad, with he strapping Kiss temptation, was run by ice-cream brand Antonio Federate Goleta Italians (Sweeney, Mark). How this company decided this type of advertisement would be okay and accepted is very confusing. There are many advertisements like this that do not seem to take into consideration that will be seeing their advertisement.Calvin Klein had a jean ad advertising a young half naked woman on a couch with three men in an orgy like situation on a billboard in New York. The ad got so many complaints that Calvin Klein removed the advertisement. However, days later an ad of a Oman coming out of some body of water in a bathing suit that could be compared to dental floss replaced the old raunchy advertisement. Not much of an improvement. A huge slogan supporting this type of advertising is sex sells. Though this may be a shameful way of advertising it is very true that it works.The reason these types of advertisements are being made and accepted is due to the ethical dilemma in advertising. There are many reasons as to why an ethical dilemma in advertising occurs. The main reason being that the issue of ethics derives from the relationship of marketing professionals with there parties in the exchange process, including organizational members, customers, competitors and members of the public; particularly the youth (Dubitable,Job, and Dora Dubitable). Advertisers must consider all these people when advertising. Advertising and marketing professionals have certain duties and responsibilities towards each of these parties, yet the fulfillment of these tend to conflict with the interest of the advertisers, thereby creating an ethical problem (Dubitable, Job, and Dora Dubitable). Advertisers want to give the illusion that their product is the best product out here. That it will make you beautiful, attractive, skinny, rich and other unrealistic things. When people are tricked by these advertisements they are being advertised to unethically.Violent Advertisement When it comes to violence it is everyhere one turns. It is in television and film, video games, music, the internet and advertising (Jones, Tim, Peggy H. Cunningham, and Katherine Gallagher). Within television alone it was found that out of over 8,000 hours of broadcast and cable television, over of the programming aired in the united States contained violence (Jones, Tim, Peggy H. Cunningham, and Katherine Gallagher). This study was conducted by the National Television Violence.The concern with violence being everywhere is obviously growing within in the public, especially when it comes to the content of the violence. The content could include an excessive quantity, graphic detail, interactive nature (in video and computer games), and gratuitous fictional and non-fictional violence (Jones, Tim, Peggy H. Cunningham, and Katherine Gallagher). The reason there is so much concern about all this violence is due to the effect it has on people, particularly h lilied. The fact that violent media had an effect on people has been proven time and time again. Positive associations between media violence and aggressive thoughts, hostile emotions, and aggressive or violent behavior have been found repeatedly, both in children and adults, in studies using a variety of methods, including laboratory and field experiments, cross- sectional studies, and longitudinal research cones, Tim, Peggy H. Cunningham, and Katherine Gallagher). There has been over 1,000 studies, both qualitative and quantitative, that show a consistent link between violent arrogating and increased aggression, especially among children (Jones, Tim, Peggy H.Cunningham, and Katherine Gallagher). With results like this, it is no wonder many people and parents are concerned with violent advertisement. Violent advertising is difficult to assess. The reason for this is that with so many different people there are many different opinions as to what inappropriate violence is and what appropriate violence is. There are a variety of forms of violence, context in which violence occurs, and varying levels of intensity of violence, that is why one person may consider omitting violent, while another might consider it normal.There are, however, some forms of ethical violent advertisement. These different forms of ethical violent advertising appeals are fear appeals (e. G. , for self-defense products), Informational appeals (e. G. , for products that have violent components, such as certain video games), and shock appeals (Jones, Tim, Peggy H. Cunningham, and Katherine Gallagher). Fear appeals are used to motivate people. They are used to frighten target audience members in order to motivate them to take appropriate precautionary, self-protective action (Jones, Tim, Peggy H. Cunningham, and Katherine Gallagher).However, the issue with fear appeals is that fear is a complex emotion that is not fully understood in the context Of advertising (Jones, Tim, Peggy H. Cunningham, and Katherine Gallagher). Informational appeals are used to obviously inform people about the product. When violence is used in these advertisements the advertiser assumes that the target audience members are open to the information provided in the advertisement and that they will then use the information to make a decision about the subject of advertising (Jones, Tim, Peggy H. Cunningham, and Katherine Gallagher).Advertising in this fashion is ethical because no harm is intended on the advertisers side. Shock appeals are used to deliberately startle and upset the audience (Jones, Tim, Peggy H. Cunningham, and Katherine Gallagher). There are several reasons as to why advertisers like using violence shock appeals. These include To capture audience attention, to attract media interest that will result in free publicity, to raise awareness, to affect attitudes, to enhance recall, to influence behaviors and ultimately, to increase sales and profits or to achieve other mission-related goals (Jones, Tim, Peggy H. Cunningham, and Katherine Gallagher). The fact that these shock appeals are deliberate may seem to make them unethical, but they have a silver lining, which is to get a message across that will in the end, hopefully, make a change for the better. These types violent advertising are not what have people talking. It is the unnecessary advertisement of things such as people killing people and enjoying it. Just having one person hurt another and being happy about it scares people. When advertisers use violence in a joking or self-satisfying way that is when there is concern for violent advertising.However, The prevalence of violence in advertising varies widely, due to the different opinions of violence. Most advertisers seem to use violence for a variety of reasons to capture attention, raise awareness, provide information, affect attitudes, enhance recall and influence behavior (Jones, Tim, Peggy H. Cunningham, and Katherine Gallagher). That is why when it comes to violent advertising it is difficult to draw a line between ethical and unethical. Alcohol and Tobacco Advertising When it comes to alcoholic advertising, most people would say it is unethical because alcohol is bad for rows health.However, not one of them shows somebody actually drinking the beef (Moore, Chris). Tobacco products do show someone enjoying a cigarette, but again nothing too unethical there either. The problem is that these companies advertise alcoholic and nicotine products legal but lethal products that continue to be advertised against a background of cancer-related illnesses, alcohol abuse and related social challenges (Dubitable, Job, and Dora Dubitable). Everyone knows the harm that both alcohol and tobacco products do to ones health and life.Most people, however, do not know how harmful these products are and how just en puff of a cigarette releases thousands of chemicals into your body. Because the full truth is not know about tobacco and alcohol products, advertising professional should be focusing more on portraying their negative consequences to the youth in an attempt to discourage the habits (Dubitable, Job, and Dora Dubitable). However, tobacco and alcohol companies focus more on making their brand better and more appealing than another brand. There are many various ways to advertise alcohol and tobacco products.There is television (for alcohol only, tobacco advertising on television is banned), billboards, magazines, posters e. . C. Tobacco and alcohol are advertised in every way possible and they are advertised heavily. For example, young people in the United States of American view approximately 2,000 beer and wine commercial per year (Dubitable, Job, and Dora Dubitable). These advertisements include things like the most interesting man in the world who drinks Dos Squish, feeling like you are on a beach in your bathing suit enjoying the rays while drinking a Corona, partying all night while drinking vodka and the list goes on and on.This is the way companies advertise their alcohol, what advertisers are reluctant to promote is the rodents negative health and safety effects, which should be a greater public concern. Now there are messages within these commercials that these companies believe makes their advertisement more ethical. The message usually IS drink responsibly, nonetheless, that is a message that could be interpreted in many different ways, and some people do not even understand what drinking res ponsibly could possibly mean. The only thing alcohol and tobacco companies want is more customers.Not that they are necessarily trying to get new people to buy their products, but advertisers are trying to et smokers and alcohol consumers to switch to their brands, rather than convince non-users or children from taking up such habits (Dubitable, Job, and Dora Dubitable). This may give alcohol and tobacco advertisers more peace of mind, on the other hand, these advertisements still bring in new people to take up the habit. Civic groups say that children are bombarded by ethically controversial advertisements and are tempted to try these products or the features actions (Dubitable, Job, and Dora Dubitable).One company that has been questioned about its ethics when it comes to Argentina children is Camel, the cigarette brand. The Camel brands website has a description of itself that says An authentic original, Camel is a brand with a rich heritage and one that also keeps up with the times. Camels combination of a c lassic nature and contemporary flair reinforce the brands position as a flavor cigarette with a rich heritage, a colorful personality and irreverent sense of humor (Carlson, Michael, and Chris Lures). This was a quote from R. J.Reynolds, who is a tobacco giant. This description of brand personality is consistent with a strategy of attracting youth to cigarettes by signposting them as an initiation into adulthood (Carlson, Michael, and Chris Lures). Tobacco companies know that the way to get the youth to want their product is to show cigarettes as among the illicit pleasures Of drinking alcohol, smoking marijuana and having sex (Carlson, Michael, and Chris Lures). The Camel brand R. J. Reynolds described is seemingly similar to what attracts the youth to cigarettes.Also they are the same traits that would best describe Joe Camels suave appearance (Carlson, Michael, and Chris Lures). There is even more proof that Camel actually targets the youth, though they lain they do not. The proof can be found in strategy of targeting teenagers, which has been documented in tobacco industry internal letters. The letter reads: To Ensure Increased and Longer-term Growth for the Camel Filter, the Brand Must Increase Its Share Penetration Among the 14-24 Age Group Which Have a New Set of More Liberal Values and Which Represent Tomorrows Cigarette Business (Carlson, Michael, and Chris Lures).Targeting these advertisements to children and young adults places a burden on them because if they are influenced by the advertising, they will likely be drawn award a highly addictive and deadly product (Carlson, Michael, and Chris rush). To conclude, ethics is a difficult subject to asses. There are many different opinions when it comes to ethics and everyone has their own ethical beliefs. Just like people have ethical beliefs so do companies, of American companies have a written Code of Ethics (Moore, Chris). Ethics happen, or dont, in our relationships with others, whether that is advertisement or personal relationships (Moore, Chris). Imagine having to respond to millions of peoples different ethic beliefs. Advertisers are in the business of immunization with thousands, even millions, of others all the time, this makes it difficult to have a unanimous type of advertisement that would satisfy all. What advertisers should always try and do is be honest, just, and realistic about the taste and decency of their advertisement.

Friday, November 29, 2019

Advantages of Mixed Economic free essay sample

The advantages of a mixed economy are many. Depending on the ratio of capitalistic elements to socialist or mercantile elements, there are many freedoms in a mixed economy. People may go into business for themselves, decide what they will produce or sell, and set their own prices. Business owners and merchants pay taxes, but they reap the benefits of those taxes through social programs, roads and other infrastructure elements, and other government services. The mixed economy is helpful in increasing national production in the country. Both ublic and private sectors work hard to bring about more production. The problems created by free enterprise and too much public control are solved through mixed economy. It provides freedom of enterprise ownership and profit earning as well as social welfare and political freedom. And all the national recourses are utilized under mixed economy. Advantages of mixed economy in that, a verity of goods are available. We will write a custom essay sample on Advantages of Mixed Economic or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We can find the role of co-operatives in the field of cultivation diary, poultry. The use of intoxicants and drugs is prohibited and the government never allows black marketing. Income disparities can be checked. The basic rational behind under mixed economy is to raise social welfare of the masses removing the pitfalls attached with the free enterprise. Public services are provided for every one Mixed economies do have benefits. They are much more stable when compared to Free Market systems, and government regulations can prevent inflation and exorbitant investment, thus inhibiting the inevitable cycles of recession and prosperity. The only reason why Mixed economies are affected by the current recession is the fact that the U. S. a very right-leaning Mixed economy, has succumbed to sub-prime mortgages, resulting in foreclosures, bailouts, and bankruptcy. Another major benefit is a social safety net. For example, Free Health care, education and transportation are all things that people take for granted that are provided to us, free of charge (except in taxes, of course). Finally, Mixed economies also waste less resources in general and are more environmentally conscientious. Private companies dont really care if they are harming the environment, as long as they are making money. Of course, if being more environmentally conscious attracts more consumers, thats what they will do). In a Mixed economy, this is where government regulations come into the picture. The government might decide to reduce their environmental footprint, or might be pressured into such policies by lobby groups or environmental activists/organizations. People have more influence on government policies, which results in changes government regulation which affects what products are produced, how they are produced, and how they can be disposed of.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Characteristics that Make a Successful Negotiator

Characteristics that Make a Successful Negotiator Negotiation remains a critical element in leadership and management. The concept of negotiation has occupied the realms of leadership because it is the core for a formidable and plausible leader (Burt, Petcavage Pinkerton, 2010). However, questions have arisen as to what constitutes a good negotiator. Therefore, the paper examines some of the basic features that define a good negotiator.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics that Make a Successful Negotiator specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Patience. Patience is a critical item required for a negotiator. Patience refers to the ability of an individual to bear with situations perceived such as causing anxiety. In a negotiation process, parties in a dispute or any course seeking to reach consensus, must be able to bear with each other in order to accomplish a certain negotiation process deemed tough. The primary intention is to ensure agreement between parti es involved in negotiation. For mutuality to prevail, one or both parties must bear qualities of persuasion to reach the end of an agreement. When the element of persuasion lacks in an individual acting as a negotiator, such negotiation may fail or take long to deliver the results (Ghauri Usunier, 2003). The ability to bear and handle pressure. Some negotiation processes and environments are inherently pressure-oriented. In order to ensure coherence and smooth transition toward the intended agreement, a negotiator should have the ability to bear with mounting pressure from the competing parties (Burt, Petcavage Pinkerton, 2010). In cases where a negotiating individual lacks this basic element, he or she is likely to succumb to the opposing forces in a negotiation. Assertiveness and controlled authority. It is essential to be assertive to ensure that the counterparts acknowledge your ability to voice your views and opinions freely and authoritatively. However, authority in this cas e does not imply the use of force in making opinions, but rather the ability to pinpoint issues without fear nor favor (Burt, Petcavage Pinkerton, 2010). Assertiveness brings with itself the ability to convince people because one positions his or her statements from a factual base, hence, he or she might end up winning in the impending process.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Good listening skills. It is fundamental to the one engaging in a negotiation to exhibit qualities of good listening. Negotiation takes place in a communication process. Therefore, a negotiator must portray good listening skills in order to comprehend and synthesize the opposing views of the opposite party (Ghauri Usunier, 2003). The inability to exhibit this quality is ineffective in respect to providing valid relevant responses aimed at convincing the opposite party. Open mindedness. This refers to the ability of an individual to accommodate various situations, views and opposing opinions arising out of a negotiation process. This element ensures that a person assesses various situations with a clear mind without being inclined to a particular position (Ghauri Usunier, 2003). He or she can then evaluate the alternatives while positioning him or herself on a platform worth in the sense of utilizing various ends to derive the best-of-breed alternative capable of winning in the negotiation process. Finally, an excellent negotiator has a wide scope of knowledge concerning the aspects of negotiation. The ability to demonstrate understanding can effectively melt the minds of the counterparts through factual representation of the material elements leading to the negotiation. Therefore, an individual with little or no grasp of ideas will always lack creative moves to sustain an argument or to foster agreement from the counterparts (Burt, Petcavage Pinkerton, 2010). Th e ability to demonstrate knowledge about the issues in a negotiation can serve to act as a neutralizer of the counterpart’s argument or point of view. References Burt, D. N., Petcavage, S. D., Pinkerton, R. L. (2010). Supply management. Boston: McGraw Hill.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics that Make a Successful Negotiator specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ghauri, P. N., Usunier, J. (2003). International business negotiations. New York, NY: Emerald Group Publishing.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Final Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Final Marketing Plan - Essay Example The varied forms of telemedicines include the combination of audio, videophone, imaging, and health informatics data from one particular location to another. The main crux of telemedicine would be to cater to the needs and requirements of the patients living in isolated communities and do not have financial means of purchasing the products. These also come with additional devices along with medical support and other forms of health care devices. The study will deal with the launch of a fictional medical robot which is a form of telemedicine and will help in solving varied complex health care problems. The author of the study will include the marketing activities involved in the initiation of the launch of the medical robot device. Finally, the study will conclude with the various Customer Relationship Management techniques used by the management to penetrate further into the target market. Objectives &Mission Statement The mission of the company would be to offer state of the art tel emedicine facilities, which would provide the patients certain clinical advantages that other medical companies cannot provide. The objectives of the company would be to offer state of the art medical facilities’ and devices, which have the potentially of garnering attention from the patients and customers. The health report provided by these medical devices would not provide a medial description of the patient but also an in depth analysis of the precautions to be taken by the patients. In short, the main objective of the healthy robot would be to disseminate information about the timely prevention measures to be undertaken by the patient. Target Market Since, the main objective of the healthy robot would be to test and detect the current health state of the customers the primary target population would be the patients suffering from chronic diseases. Secondly, the target population would also include the customers, who are extremely health conscious and would want the robot to keep a constant check on their health situation. Thirdly, it would also include the customers, who want to purchase the telemedicinal product for gifting purposes. The targeting population has been decided by taking an estimated population of the diabetic patients in the United States of America (USA). Market for Telemedicinal Products Telemedicinal product would include varied segments which can be categorized into tele-health, telemedicine, video and mobile health services (Cravens, 2010). The telemedicine market is very mature and has provided clinical care with the help of advanced telemonitoring and tele health systems. The telemedicine market has been worth valuation of $2.9 billion (Transparency Market Research, 2012) The tele health phone system is more advanced than any other health systems and presently it is expected to reach market valuation of $2440 million during the tenure 2012 to 2018 (Transparency Market Research, 2012) Thus, keeping in mind the present market d ynamics and the need of tele medicinal products among the growing patients, the manufactures

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Case study - Essay Example As part of the consultancy services, the bank has found three major underlying problems that led to the issues faced by Hole in the Wall. They are namely, equating performance of the employees with their pay, isolating employees from collaborating and preventing innovation in the process and avoiding conflict management leading to unsettled quality issues and personal enmity. The report analyses the three root problems in details, explores a host of possible solutions for eliminating the problems and recommends the best possible solution to the company for implementation. Equating performance with pay The salesmen are paid exclusively by the commission per window sold, which is often sacrificed while negotiating with clients. The production and fitting teams are also paid based on the number of windows produced and fitted respectively. While this model of compensation is aimed at motivating employees, it leads to unstable salaries, unhealthy sales model and shoddy workmanship (Solomo n and Podgursky, n.d.; Hamel, 2013). To earn maximum commission, the salesmen make unrealistic promises to too many customers without co-ordinating with other units and then to commit to these orders, components are procured in a rush and windows are produced as early as possible, leading to substandard products made from substandard materials. As a result, windows are sent back to the factory for rework, thereby increasing the number of unsatisfied customers. Also, since sales are low during recession, numbers of windows fitted are also less, which leads to falling income of the fitting team, perhaps which is why one of the three fitting teams quit. There are two salary models that can replace performance-based pay and eliminate its consequences: a fixed salary and a hybrid salary. In a fixed salary structure, the employees are paid a consistent remuneration every month. This means they do not have to worry about the financial hardships that their families will go through in the ev ent of bad performance in a particular month due to low sales, economic recession or poor market conditions. This creates stability in income and uniformity in the quality of life, thereby giving a feeling of financial security and contention to the employees. It also boosts productivity as they have more time to focus on work and no worries to make ends meet. In a hybrid salary structure, the employees receive a minimum base pay every month that creates stability in income and uniformity in the quality of life, just like a fixed salary structure. However, outperforming employees also get additional variable income based on their performance, such as, higher sales, more units worked upon or overtime hours done at the factory. Therefore, if an employee wishes for a pay raise besides the regular appraisal, he or she may do so simply by giving a little more attention to work instead of looking for another job with higher salary. It also improves the company’s performance without pressurising employees to deliver more (UC San Diego, 2013). While both the pay structures can solve the present problem of inconsistent monthly remuneration and unhealthy race against time to earn more, the hybrid pay structure seems much more viable for Mr. Barker.

Monday, November 18, 2019

Management Information Systems Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Management Information Systems - Case Study Example In this context, the metrics and standards must not be confused with feeling and religion. Ethical dilemma is a situation when a good step (or approach) from the viewpoint of one set of metrics and standards becomes wrong from another set of metrics and standards or vice versa. Wal-Mart has become a top retailer in the U.S.A. by inventing how to reduce the operational cost, implementing low prices for products and placing the inventory in the shop just in time. When Wal-Mart notices that associates scheduling using manual mode is expensive and ineffective, no doubt it will try to find a way to reduce the particular expense. Implementation of digital technology for associate work scheduling by Wal-Mart cannot be considered as a wrong moral action. Wal-Mart’s moral action will be classified right, or wrong based on decisions that management implements in stores using the information that they receive from the Kronos system. Management uses information to reduce staff early in the day and increase staff during the midday rush. Management reduces staff again toward the end of the afternoon and increases again for an evening crowd (â€Å"Flexible Scheduling at Walmart†, n.d). This scheduling method implies that the Wal-Mart is holding an X number of workforce under its control and distributing all or a portion of it during the day based on the optimization rule on how to maximize the profit. It should be noted that Wal-Mart is only paying the associates when they are at work. An additional benefit that Wal-Mart is bringing to its shareholders from this operation is money that the Company is not paying to the workforce while keeping them under its control. On one hand, Wal-Mart is fulfilling its responsibility to increase shareholders’ value; on the other hand, it is not fulfilling its responsibility to ensure workers welfare. Thus, the action is resulting conflicting moral obligations;

Saturday, November 16, 2019

What Is A Data Model Computer Science Essay

What Is A Data Model Computer Science Essay First I like to offer my special thanks for my Data Analysis and Design lecturer, Mr.Deloosha Abeysooriya International College of Business and Technology southern campus in Matara. He is the guider of my. Also another 12 student of my M11 Batch. Also I thanks to my another lecturers International College of Business and Technology southern campus in Matara.absultely I offer my faithful thanks for who help me to fulfill and success to this assignments tasks. I think this assignment will more helpful for my future targets. It will be easier to succeed because of this assignments experience. As a good a faithful student of International College of Business and technology in Matara. I request forgive for my some mistakes of this assignment if it mentioned. As your faithful student I thank all of you. Executive summary. Table of content. Introduction Task 1 Explain what is data model, Evaluate different data models explain why older data models are being replaced by new data models. What is a Data Model? Data model is a collection of concepts that can be used to describe the structure of a database And also we can define it as When constructing any database it is compulsory to have the design of the database which provides a better mechanism for accessing the data in the database. The data model provides this facility and allows the DBA (Data Base Administrator) or the users to get the required information irrespective to the internal implementation of how the data is physically stored in the database. It can be broadly distinguished into 3 main categories: High-level or conceptual data models Low level or physical data models performance or execution of model There are so many data models use with data bases. As examples: Hierarchical data modal. Network data modal. Relational data modal. Object relational data model. Object oriented data model. Hierarchical data modal. Organizers of hierarchical data in a data modal hierarchical tree structure, there is a segment of parent and child data. This structure implies that a record may be repetition of information, generally in a data segment child. The serial data records, which have a set of join him sensation values. Collect all records intense specific offer together it in record type. These record types are the same of the table in the relational data model, and individual records that are the similar of rows. To make links between these records users type the modal hierarchical parent-child relationship. This is a one-to-many mapping between the types of records. Here is a diagram for hierarchical data model. Figure Network data modal. Network data model is looks like one of developed type of hierarchical data model. Because this also have parent and child connection. And also it is developed than hierarchical data model. Also network data model using many to much relationship in data .network data model is also greater than hierarchical data model. Also network data model is like a set. The network data model details of members or specification have categorizes as set. That set can be called as record. Network data model can have one or more records types. And also these have one to many relationships. Beside that it is permitted for use one to one relationship. When we consider about the diagram given below we can understand about the network data model. Figure Relational data modal. Relational data model is one of another data model. All data and relations are organized in a table. Also there are so many different rules for table. A table is a collection of records and each record in a table contains the same fields. Values Are Atomic. The Sequence of Columns is Insignificant. Each Row is Unique. Column Values Are of the Same Kind. Each Column Has a Unique Name. The Sequence of Rows is Insignificant. The relational data model is more complex than hierarchical and network data models. Also it covers large area by gathering data in to a table. There is a relation between each other records. Here is a relational data model diagram is given below. The all records are connecting with Sales facts table. Now we can see there have some connection of other record directly or indirectly to sales facts table. Figure Object relational data model. This model is another complex and more successful one of than above data models. Also object relational data model add latest object storage abilities to the relational systems at the core of modern information systems. So it is very useful for modern information systems. Because this object relational data model currently included various binary media like as music, video, pictures. â‚ ¬Ã‚  Object relational database management systems server can implement complexes analytical and data processing operations to search and turn things complex and other multimedia.â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Designers can work with database structures familiar spreadsheets and definition language, while absorbing new possibilities to manage the object easily and with more performance. Here is the example for object relational data models. Figure (http://www.joe-stevens.com) Object oriented data model. This model developed by using C++, Java and smart talk object oriented programs. â‚ ¬Ã‚  A major benefit of this approach is to unite the application and development of the database to the data model smooth and linguistic environment. Because of that there are more results as like as Applications call for less code, use the more natural data modeling, and code bases easier to maintain. Because of this benefits object developers can easily write data bases with modest application without effort.â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Unlike an RDBMS a complex structure where data must be flattened to fit into tables or joined together from these tables to form the structure in memory, object oriented DBMS have no performance degradation to store or retrieve a web or a hierarchy of interrelated objects.â‚ ¬Ã‚  Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  This mapping one-to-one of the objects of the programming language objects to database objects has two advantages over storage approaches: it provides higher performance managemen t of objects, and allows better management of complex relationships between objects. â‚ ¬Ã‚  This makes the most suitable object DBMS to support applications such as financial systems portfolio risk analysis, applications of telecommunications services, world wide web document structures, design and manufacturing systems and patient record systems of hospital, which have complex relationships between data. Figure (http://www.telerik.com)

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Essay --

For D.D. Williamson the clear-cut blend of projects in a portfolio can signify the distinction involving organizational development and expensive setbacks. By strategically prioritizing projects, the company can capitalize on how it can move forward with major projects and properly assign resources that make certain only those projects that best line up with company’s vision makes the cut. Since reactions to the projects often ran high when making these kinds of decisions the idea of a structured senior management team to work through criteria selection process that allowed them to pick two project per senior management sponsor (Kloppenborg, 2012). This achieved the results the company was looking for and providing another strength in the company minimizing weakness. One tool used by the management team is a prioritization matrix it provided a way for the team to group an assorted set of items into an order of importance. It also recognizes their qualified importance by developing a numerical assessment for the priority of each item (Gosenheimer, 2012). Using a prioritization matrix...

Monday, November 11, 2019

Euro Crisis Essay

The ability of Euro zone countries (countries in Europe that use the common currency called the Euro) to borrow in a common currency poses free-rider problems because there may be an incentive to bailout countries that borrow excessively. How does the original design of the Euro attempt to address this incentive to over-borrow by some countries? The free rider problem refers to when someone is capturing the full benefit of an action while shifting the cost to others. The free-rider problem built into the euro lies into the fiscal structure, since the countries were fiscally undisciplined and also governments were gaining political gain running deficits supported by their euro partner nations. Over borrowing occurred due to the incentive of governments to borrow in a common currency; to address this issue the original design had to solutions. One was the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) which limited budget deficit to up to 3% of GDP and 60% of stock of public debt, aiming to ensure fiscal discipline; where if a member state was in an excessive deficit situation then the council could impose sanctions. The Second rule is a â€Å"no bailout† clause stating that community shall not be liable for the debt of governments (with some exceptions) The original design of the euro sought to address the over-borrowing. Why were the measures in the original Euro design insufficient in preventing the Euro sovereign debt problems? First it is important to point out that the sovereign debt crisis is significantly tied to the banking crisis and macroeconomic crisis through the entire euro area. The original measure was insufficient because in a way these measures actually worsen the crisis. The sovereign debt crisis can be divided in three phases: pre-crisis period, the financial and sovereign debt crisis and post-crisis recovery. The initial design affected the pre-crisis since in reality it increased fiscal risk due to the increased in the current account imbalances across the euro area and also the dispersion in credit boom, housing prices and sectorial debt levels. Then, during the crisis 2007-2008 the original design actually augmented the fiscal impact since the global financial shock had diverse impacts across the euro area and policies were focus on European Central Bank to address the financial shock, not accounting these policies prompted a worse euro sovereign debt crisis (Especially countries with macro-imbalances). Thirdly, the original measures slowed down the post-crisis recovery period because the stated estrictions of deficit and debt made the recovery stretched, along with the poor political management of countries’ institutions to solve factors involving the crisis. What are the new reforms to address sovereign debt concerns? What makes the new measures superior to the original ones? The new reforms to address the sovereign debt is compounded on a treaty called â€Å" Fiscal Compact Treaty† which requires new fiscal principles to be pose in each country (Jan 2013). These fiscal reforms are based on two principles: a void high public debt since it’s a threat to fiscal stability. Second, the fiscal balance has to be close to zero. The improvement is a structural budget balance less than 1% of GDP when debt is below 60%. Also the country that has higher public debt (off the limit) will have to correct the issue with a timeline. Though this reform is a little more efficient than the original, it still has major implementation problems since it requires adjustments on forecast errors for the structural budget balance. Also it’s difficult to accurately trust the ability of governments to identify and tackle down excessive imbalances.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Wide sargasso sea essays

Wide sargasso sea essays 1. We have stated that the narrator and focalizor in the novel Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys are identified with Antoinette in the first and third part of the novel and with Rochester in the second part. Read pages 89 to 98 and 126 to 127; consider whether this generalization remains constant in the way specified. Why? In the second part of the novel the narrator and the focalizor is Mr. Rochester, Antoinettes husband. However, in some sections of this part he is interrupted, by Antoinette from pages from 89 to 98 and by Christophine on pages 126 127. It may be said that this is so because the writer wanted to object to the imagine of Antoinette that was created by Rochesters retelling. In addition, the author wanted to show that Antoinette suffered because he betrayed her but she could not abandon him, as Christophine had advised her to do because she had no money of her own now. When she married Rochester and following the law imposed by the English men, that said that women were supposed to give their husbands their dowries; she gave him all her property. This is evidence to support the fact that Patriarchies imposed their laws, rules, beliefs, etc. over the colonised people. In addition, we can say that these interruptions account for the fact that throughout the novel, there is a shift of power. The voice that is given more right to speak, to express now does not belong to a member of the oppressing society but to a member of the oppressed society. Antoinette and Christophine, who represent the oppressed people, have power over Rochesters retelling. Moreover, on pages 126- 127 we can see how Rochesters mind is invaded by Christophines voice. In that part the point of view, the focalizor changes, although Rochester is still the narrator. 2. On the basis of the previous answer, discuss whether the interruptions of the discursive space contribute to the post-colonial nature of ...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Free Essays on The Scarlet Ibis

â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† By James Hurst Characterization of Doodle William Armstrong, also known as Doodle, was a character in â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis†. He was born with an illness that made him different from the rest of his family. Despite the illness, and with the help of his brother, Doodle, which was named after a doodle bug by his brother, overcame a lot of obstacles. If it wasn’t for the over bearing ness, and his arterial motives, Doodle might not have progressed as far as he did. This was due to the fact that the doctor, his mother and father did not have faith that Doodle will ever be able to accomplish anything because of his illness. The only person that had any faith in his ablities was his Aunt Nicey. Even though he had an illness that made him different Doodle was just like any other boy his age. He had the strength and determination to overcome , and do what he was told he could not do. He had a love and appreciation for things most take for grated. He also wanted to be accepted as a part of the family, fr om acceptance bore the courage to become a normal little boy. To start with, Doodle was a strong determined little boy. He began his life with a fight to stay alive. There was not much hope for poor little Doodle at the beginning. His father even ordered a casket built for him because they did not expect him to live. With his unblaten determination, he won his first battle to live. Not long after that, he began to fight many more battles. He started showing signs of mental competence when he smiled at his older brother. Afterwards, he began to try to move around and eventually began to crawl even though â€Å"the doctor said that with his weak heart this strain would probably kill him, but it didn’t.† Doodle did not stop there. With his persitance and determination he eventually learned how to walk, run, swim, climb, and row a boat. All of this was accomplished by a little boy that eve... Free Essays on The Scarlet Ibis Free Essays on The Scarlet Ibis â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis† By James Hurst Characterization of Doodle William Armstrong, also known as Doodle, was a character in â€Å"The Scarlet Ibis†. He was born with an illness that made him different from the rest of his family. Despite the illness, and with the help of his brother, Doodle, which was named after a doodle bug by his brother, overcame a lot of obstacles. If it wasn’t for the over bearing ness, and his arterial motives, Doodle might not have progressed as far as he did. This was due to the fact that the doctor, his mother and father did not have faith that Doodle will ever be able to accomplish anything because of his illness. The only person that had any faith in his ablities was his Aunt Nicey. Even though he had an illness that made him different Doodle was just like any other boy his age. He had the strength and determination to overcome , and do what he was told he could not do. He had a love and appreciation for things most take for grated. He also wanted to be accepted as a part of the family, fr om acceptance bore the courage to become a normal little boy. To start with, Doodle was a strong determined little boy. He began his life with a fight to stay alive. There was not much hope for poor little Doodle at the beginning. His father even ordered a casket built for him because they did not expect him to live. With his unblaten determination, he won his first battle to live. Not long after that, he began to fight many more battles. He started showing signs of mental competence when he smiled at his older brother. Afterwards, he began to try to move around and eventually began to crawl even though â€Å"the doctor said that with his weak heart this strain would probably kill him, but it didn’t.† Doodle did not stop there. With his persitance and determination he eventually learned how to walk, run, swim, climb, and row a boat. All of this was accomplished by a little boy that eve...

Monday, November 4, 2019

The irish literary revival 1880-1930 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The irish literary revival 1880-1930 - Essay Example Consequently their polical views influnce their imagery, styles and ideals to a greater extent. The affinity for the land and the surge of emotion for one’s birthplace are so intertwined with the intellect of the artists involved with the I rish Literary Revival, that these emotions and feelings exert-consciously or subconsciously-great impact in shaping the ins and outs, that is, style, imagery, ideals of their literary works. There come all of the literary tools along the string of this affinity. But in the context of the Irish Literary Revival merging the political sentiment of the writers into their works bloomed to the extent to be considered as the art of political expression. All of the literary artists including W. B. Yeats, Mary Fitzerald, Douglas Hyde etc at the forepart of the Irish Literary Revival are concerned with this political expression in their works. They delve deep into the origin of art, culture, history and their concern with the political ups and downs of Ireland. Both of the writers, Yeats and Moore look back into the pages of Irish history to find out their elements of their works with a view to reviving the past. The literary elements used in their works show and at the same time reveals the souls tormented by the political fractions existing in the country. Either they relate to the events from Irish folk tales in which the heroes are down to the earth and close to the vein of the Isrish mass people. For Moore the political expression is not as explicit as it is in Yeats. Crisis of Political identity is less important than the crisis of cultural identity of the Irish. He is moved with the well and woe of the mass of Irish population. He is more concerend with the confirmation of this identity. Consequently most of the story of â€Å"the Untilled Field† take clerical interference in the daily lives of the Irish peasantry as their theme. The story ‘The Wild Goose’ renders a

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Health Policy in Florida Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Policy in Florida - Assignment Example According to the research, it can, therefore, be said that  a few reasons when combined produce the effect of the unusually high price of healthcare in the state of Florida. For example, the state has passed many statutes and regulations since 1985 that require transparency disclosures from physicians and hospitals but this disclosure does not include insurance companies. Ultimately, they exploit this opportunity. For example, a website administered by the state authorities called www.floridahealthfinder.gov provides consumers average and medical services charged by the hospitals but it does not mention reimbursement rates. Keeping this prices as secrets prevent lawmakers and healthcare policymakers from making better policies. Florida healthcare Coalition has put out many reports pointing out flaws in the system over the past years but they did not sit well with the hospitals. According to Becky Cherney, FHCC President and CEO, they blame the committee for coming up with biased da ta. There are also some genuine hurdles in making the process transparent. For instance, providing healthcare pricing to consumers in a form that they can readily understand is complicated because every patient has unique needs. One cannot just put a standard for disclosing to the public to which every healthcare facility would adhere to. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 supports the notion that healthcare is a right and not a privilege. The intent of the law is to secure the maximum number of US citizens with healthcare. Making health care available to every individual at an affordable price is the motive of such an act. The affordable care act tends to create new incentives for changing clinical practices. The change in such practices as needed to provide better coordination and quality. Such coordination also gives physicians more information so they can practice their medical skills better than before. However, wasting funds and abusing health care programs cost taxpayers billions of dollars.

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Newton, Leibniz, and the Invention of Calculus Essay

Newton, Leibniz, and the Invention of Calculus - Essay Example The theorem was the start of the Newton’s mathematical innovation (Dunham 6). In 1666, Newton made his first contribution to calculus through the introduction of fluxions. In the late 1665 before his first publication, Newton had made studies on the tangent problems by combining velocity components of the moving points in a proper coordinate system. This was vital for the introduction of fluxions which is a key component in geometric applications (Edwards 191). Newton was capable of exploiting the concepts of antidifferentiation and differentiation by the substitution methods. This is the equivalent of what is called integration and chain rule by substitution. This is essential in the building of calculus of fluxions (Edwards 196). Newton applied the method of successive approximations in his De Analysi to the reversion of series. Newton proceeds further to use the technique of reversion of series in the discovery of sine and cosine series (Edwards

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

My Experience with Mother Hens and Their Families Essay Example for Free

My Experience with Mother Hens and Their Families Essay The purpose of our sanctuary on the Virginia Eastern Shore is to provide a home for chickens who already exist, rather than adding to the population and thus diminishing our capacity to adopt more birds. For this reason we do not allow our hens to hatch their eggs in the spring and early summer as they would otherwise do, given their association with the roosters in our yard. All of our birds have been adopted from situations of abandonment or abuse, or else they were no longer wanted or able to be cared for by their previous owners. Our two-acre sanctuary is a fenced open yard that shades into tangled wooded areas filled with trees, bushes, vines, undergrowth and the soil chickens love to scratch in all year round. It also includes several smaller fenced enclosures with chicken-wire roofs, each with its own predator-proof house, for chickens who are inclined to fly over fences during chick-hatching season, and thus be vulnerable to the raccoons, foxes, owls, possums and other predators inhabiting the woods and fields around us. I learned the hard way about the vulnerability of chickens to predators. Once, a hen named Eva, who had jumped the fence and been missing for several weeks, reappeared in early June with a brood of eight fluffy chicks. This gave me a chance to observe directly some of the maternal behavior I had read so much about. We had adopted Eva into our sanctuary along with several other hens and a rooster confiscated during a cockfighting raid in Alabama. Watching Eva travel around the yard, outside the sanctuary fence with her tiny brood close behind her, was like watching a family of wild birds whose dark and golden feathers blended perfectly with the woods and foliage they melted in and out of during the day. Periodically, at the edge of the woods, Eva would squat down with her feathers puffed out, and her peeping chicks would all run under her wings for comfort and warmth. A few minutes later, the family was on the move again. Throughout history, hens have been praised for their ability to defend their young from an attacker. I watched Eva do exactly this one day when a large dog wandered in front of the magnolia tree where she and her chicks were foraging. With her wings outspread and curved menacingly toward the dog, she rushed at him over and over, cackling loudly, all the while continuing to push her chicks behind herself with her wings. The dog stood stock still  before the excited mother hen, and soon ambled away, but Eva maintained her aggressive posture of self-defense, her sharp, repetitive cackle and attentive lookout for several minutes after he was gone. Eva’s behavior toward the dog differed radically from her behavior toward me, demonstrating her ability to distinguish between a likely predator and someone she perceived as presenting no dire threat to her and her chicks. She already knew me from the sanctuary yard, and though I had never handled her apart from lifting her out of the crate she’d arrived in from Alabama several months earlier, when I started discreetly stalking her and her family, to get the closest possible view of them, the most she did when she saw me coming was dissolve with her brood into the woods or disappear under the magnolia tree. While she didn’t see me as particularly dangerous, she nevertheless maintained a wary distance that, over time, diminished to where she increasingly brought her brood right up to the sanctuary fence, approaching the front steps of our house, and ever closer to me but not too close just yet. When she and her chicks were out and about, and I called to her, â₠¬Å"Hey, Eva,† she’d quickly look up at me, poised and alert for several seconds, before resuming her occupation. One morning, I looked outside expecting to see the little group in the dewy grass, but they were not there. Knowing that mother raccoons prowled nightly looking for food for their own youngsters in the summer, I sadly surmised they were the likely reason that I never saw my dear Eva and her chicks again. Inside the sanctuary, I broke the no chick-hatching rule just once. Upon returning from a trip of several days, I discovered that Daffodil, a soft white hen with a sweet face and quiet manner, was nestled deep in the corner of her house in a nest she’d pulled together from the straw bedding on the dirt floor. Seeing there were only two eggs under her, and fearing they might contain embryos mature enough to have well-developed nervous systems by then, I left her alone. A few weeks later on a warm day in June, I was scattering fresh straw in the house next to hers, when all of a sudden I heard the tiniest peeps. Thinking a sparrow was caught inside, I ran to  guide the bird out. But those peeps were not from a sparrow; they arose from Daffodil’s corner. Adjusting my eyes, I peered down into the dark place where Daffodil was, and there I beheld the source of the tiny voice a little yellow face with dark bright eyes was peeking out of her feathers. I kneeled down and stared into the face of the chick who looked intently back at me, before it hid itself, then peeked out again. I looked closely into Daffodil’s face as well, knowing from experience that making direct eye contact with chickens is crucial to forming a trusting, friendly relationship with them. If chickens see people only from the standpoint of boots and shoes, and people don’t look them in the eye and talk to them, no bond of friendship will be formed between human and bird. I’ve seen this difference expressed between hens we’ve adopted into our sanctuary from an egg production facility, for example, and chickens brought to us as young birds or as someone’s former pet. Former egg-industry hens tend to look back at me, not with that sharp, bright, direct focus of a fully confident chicken, but with a watchful opacity that no doubt in part reflects their having spent their entire previous lives in cages or on crowded floors in dark, polluted buildings that permanently affected their eyes before coming to our sanctuary. Psychologically, it’s as if they’ve pulled down a little curtain between themselves and human beings that does not prevent friendship but infuses their recovery with a settled strain of fear. I’ll say more about these hens presently. From the very first, a large red rooster named Francis regularly visited Daffodil and her chick in their nesting place, and Daffodil acted happy and content to have him there. Frequently, I found him quietly sitting with her and the little chick, who scrambled around both of them, in and out of their feathers. Though roosters will mate with more than one hen in the flock, a rooster and a hen will also form bonds so strong that they will refuse to mate with anyone else. Could it be that Francis was the father of this chick and that he and Daffodil knew it? He certainly was uniquely and intimately involved with the pair, and it wasn’t as though he was the head of the  flock, the one who oversaw all of the hens and the other roosters and was thus fulfilling his duty in that role. Rather, Francis seemed simply to be a member of this particular family. For the rest of the summer, Daffodil and her chick formed a kind of enchanted circle with an inviolable space all around themselves, as they roamed together in the yard, undisturbed by the other chickens. Not once did I see Francis or any of the other roosters try to mate with Daffodil during the time she was raising her frisky chick the little one I named Daisy who grew up to be Sir Daisy, a large, handsome rooster with white and golden-brown feathers.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Marketing Essays Red Bull

Marketing Essays Red Bull Table of Contents Introduction Red Bull and Marketing Theory Introduction Market Entry Market Strategy Marketing Communications Company Analysis Analytical Methods Company Sales and Diversification Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Conclusions Future of Red Bull and Recommendations References Introduction Red Bull has created a strong brand image, using colourful icon with two bulls in opposition and a memorable tag line; ‘Red Bull gives you wings’. Through creative marketing and sponsorship it has linked itself with extreme sports, innovative music and art, all aimed squarely at the youth market (Dahlen, Lange and Smith, 2010). This brief examines brand development, which strategies have helped it to success and where the brand goes from here as it faces the prospect of losing its cutting-edge image while continuing largely with only one product. Red Bull is a European success story. The product was launched in 1987 in Austria. It faced opposition from the Food and Drink Administration (FDA), who refused to clear it for distribution but despite this it became an underground success through clubbers and snowboarders. This anti-establishment stance found synergy with consumers, even after it was cleared for sale. It quickly spread into neighbouring countries and into the US market (Franzen and Moriarty, 2009). Dahlen, Lange and Smith (2010) note that by 2004, it had gained 40% share of its market sector and 70% in Europe. However, the brand still faced problems; it was banned in Denmark and France following unsubstantiated rumours that people had died from drinking the product in Sweden and Ireland (Mail Online, 2001). The European market was stagnating, and it faced distribution problems from companies supporting their own-brand products. The ever-present competition from Pepsi and Coca-Cola limited the scope for expansion. With these pressures, the company developed a marketing strategy that avoided mainstream advertising, instead focusing on grass-roots promotion. The product was sold in trendy nightclubs and bars, and the credibility of those held in high regard by the young target audience, such as DJs (Boswijk, Thijssen and Peelen, 2007). Brand education was provided by high-profile visits to places where the company felt people ‘might need a lift’. Examples include offices, building sites and garages. Self-styled Red Bull distributors exploited their local knowledge to help sell the brand and its products. It terms of higher profile marketing, Red Bull has primarily focused on maintaining its links with extreme sports. It sponsors two Formula One teams (Red Bull and Toro Rosso), as well as snowboarding, kite-boarding, surfing and aircraft racing. All of these underline its commitment to its youthful, energetic target audience. The next part of the brief examines how its marketing strategy fits into contemporary marketing theory. Red Bull and Marketing Theory Introduction Red Bull is essentially a one-product brand, offered at a premium price in its market sector. Having started in Austria, it quickly spread to other markets including the USA and has become the market leader in its sector. It uses a novel approach to marketing, which is discussed later in this section. In terms of the traditional 4Ps of marketing, therefore, the company is easy to categorise. However, the 4P method has received criticism as being somewhat limited (Lee, 2001), and therefore the company is examined from a number of perspectives in this section, starting with market entry. Market Entry Any new company has to determine how they intend to enter a new market. This will be predicated by a number of factors such as the available resources, the sales objectives, product offered and existing competition (Fifield, 1998). In the case of Red Bull, the launch of the new product established a new category of product; that of energy drinks. Derived from a concept found by Dietrich Mateschitz in the Far East, the formula developed included large amounts of caffeine, sugars (glucose and sucrose) and taurine (Red Bull, 2014). Taurine is a ‘conditional amino acid’, which means it cannot be created by the body but needs to be provided in the diet. It is found in meat and fish (WebMD, 2014). It is used medically in the treatment of congestive heart failure, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes, among other conditions, and it is present in infant formulas. Taken together with the other ingredients, Red Bull claims that it provides an energy boost (Red Bull, 2014). Since no similar type of product existed on the market, there was no direct competitor. As an innovator, the company had to educate its target audience on the product’s benefits. If a mass market entry approach is used, this can be extremely expensive (Hill and Jones, 2012), since customers have to be convinced that the new product is safe, has unique benefits and is socially acceptable. Rather than attempting to do this on a large scale, Red Bull adopted a novel method based on introducing the product at a grass roots level. It is promoted as a trendy drink at events where its main target audience gathers; nightclubs, extreme sports events and even parties. In the latter, it encourages students to set up Red Bull parties and provides them with free cans to distribute to their friends. The company also uses cars in the corporate colour scheme – together with a gigantic can – which give out promotional samples (Onkvisit and Shaw, 2009). Initially, distribution is set up using small distributors. In some cases, the company has hired warehouses and set up young people to aggressively sell the product (Pride and O’Ferrell, 2006). As far as can be determined from the available literature, this approach is likely to continue to be used in addressing new markets in future. Market Strategy Its chosen strategy has led to strong word-of-mouth sales in new markets, and this provides a springboard for further success in those markets. As it grows, it invests further in creating events such as the Flugtag, in which competitors attempt to fly from a pier using homemade, unpowered aircraft – most of which are incapable of flight, and soapbox racing (Red Bull, 2014a). This draws both competitors and audiences. Most of the events the company sponsors are more professional in nature and cover an increasing range of activities, from spectacular air racing using stunt planes, to cliff diving, wingsuit racing, motorsports and adventures. The company has even moved into computer gaming and e-sports. The features that are common to all of these activities are their attraction to their target audience and their physical and mental requirements. Having identified this approach, the company appears to be keen to continue to exploit it. When considering the market positioning of the Red Bull energy drink, it almost appears that it has arisen organically from the properties of the product; it supports physical and mental exertion and therefore the market position supports this. However, this belies is underpinned by clever physical and psychological positioning. The physical positioning refers to the product’s unique characteristics (it provides energy from its unique formula) and the psychological positioning derives from its brand image as being youthful and energetic, and socially desirable to its twenty-something core audience (Lantos, 2011). From its original product offering (one product), the company has added a little to its portfolio through the introduction of Red Bull sugar-free, Red Bull zero-calories, Red Bull editions (in flavours of cranberry, lime and blueberry) and Red Bull cola. The cola is promoted as being the only cola drink made from 100% natural ingredients and makes the case that, unlike other brands that might be mentioned, it has no secret formula. The company follows the same basic branding approach for these additional products, presumably on the grounds that they will appeal to subsets of their existing target audience. Marketing Communications However impressive a brand is, it has no value unless it can communicate its unique characteristics to the consumer. On this basis, Red Bull has a highly effective marketing communications approach, it is currently recognised as the 74th most valuable brand in the world, with a value of $7.5 billion USD (Forbes, 2014). From grass roots marketing, these days the brand is more recognised through its sponsorship initiatives. This is backed up with a strong online presence that strongly reflects the brand image and provides a form of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC). The company sees modern communications media as being critical to their success (Kotler and Keller, 2012). The reason Red Bull has achieved such success has been that it has successfully aligned its brand identity with that of its target audience in a way not achieved by its competitors (Urbany and Davis, 2010). Even when it uses traditional marketing media such as TV, it does so in a quirky ways that does not take itself too seriously. In doing so it maintains the image that appeals to its customers. It is this consistancy of message that is so important to IMC. Whatever channel is used to get the message across, it must be the same as those used on alternative channels. Digital media provides an increasingly important method of communicating with consumers, and Red Bull has identified this. As well as having a strong website that focuses on the sponsorship activities it is involved with, it also provides links to social media websites such as Facebook, Twitter, Google+ and You Tube. These sites provide consumers with a means of communicating with the company and with like-minded individuals across the world. This fosters a club-like experience that enhances the company’s alignment with its customers. The use of social media to build on relationship marketing is now well recognised, and Red Bull has been in the forefront of exploiting this (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2011). The company has also been active in the field of mobile marketing, launching its own app to allow subscribers to keep in touch with the company when on the move. Overall, Red Bull is one of the most effective marketing communications companies in the world, and it does so by offering interesting content to its customers. The actual advertising of the products forms a small part of this. However, the brand is intimately linked with its products and thus the message gets across clearly. The continually changing content prompts users to visit its sites frequently, and in doing so keeps the brand close to the user’s attention. Few companies have been so successful in doing so. The next section looks at the current state of the company in the market. Company Analysis Analytical Methods There are a variety of methods available for the analysis of a company. These include analyses on the external environment in which the company operates, such as PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technical, Legal and Environment), and those that examine the internal context such as SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) (Allen, 2001; Murray-Webster, 2010). Other techniques include VRIO (Value, Rarity, Imitability and Organisation), used to determine the level of competitive advantage a company has and how long it is likely to be retained (Peng, 2011). In this case, a PESTLE analysis would provide results indicative of the energy drinks market rather than being specific to Red Bull. A VRIO analysis lacks the depth of SWOT analysis in terms of a general assessment of the internal and external situation, and therefore a SWOT analysis was chosen for analysis of the company. This is shown later in the next section. Company Sales and Diversification Apart from its energy drinks, the company has diversified into other businesses that have synergy with its brand image. These include football clubs, youth academies, online clothing sales and even a construction company. It has moved into media ownership, with print magazines and the mobile phone service industry. Red Bull is privately owned and therefore does not need to report its performance publicly. However, it reported net sales of 4.9 billion Euros in 2012, with 5.2 billion cans of its primary product sold. This represented considerable growth on the previous year (15.9% on sales; 12.8% on number of cans). The company showed very strong net sales growth in South Africa (52%), Japan (51%), Saudi Arabia (38%) and strong continued growth in France (21%), the US (17%) and Germany (14%) (Euromonitor, 2012). The company attributed this to ongoing brand investment and efficient cost management (Euromonitor, 2012). Strengths The main strength of Red Bull is its brand, which is very valuable and has allowed it to grow a strong set of customers. It is synonymous with its energy drink, which is a positive factor (Park et al, 2013). The company has successfully developed new markets internationally using the same brand image. It can therefore be considered as a global company. This is important in that many of its current markets are at or near market saturation. Its use of social media to help to build its brand by relationship marketing is also a strength (Segrave, Carson and Merhout, 2011). Weaknesses The main weakness of the brand is its limited product portfolio. It primary relies on its single main product. This product is at risk of political or legal controls owing to the high levels of caffeine used, or it could just lose its appeal to the market (Aaker and McLoughlin, 2010). This could adversely affect the ability of the company to maintain its position in various markets. Opportunities The company has been effective in developing emerging markets, and if this continues it could largely offset poorer sales developments in the mature markets. Its global marketing message appears to be universally appealing to its target audience, despite cultural differences. It has also invested in new production facilities in Brazil to support domestic sales in the South American continent management (Euromonitor, 2012). This model could easily be extended to local production in Asia and other developing markets. This would both reduce cost of sales and provide a greater sense of community belonging. Threats A range of similar drinks have emerged following its success, increasing the level of competition within its market sector. Some of these competitors use natural ingredients, which may be seen as more desirable to its target audience. This includes the Monster product, which is pressuring sales particularly in North America management (Euromonitor, 2012). The company also faces competition from entrenched market leaders in the wider drinks market such as Coca Cola and Pepsi. These companies work continuously to reduce the threat level posed to themselves from Red Bull. With their huge marketing budgets and ability to develop new products, this could eventually prove decisive and reduce the success of Red Bull. The company also faces the law of diminishing returns in marketing in its mature market, in that the cost to reach the relatively small number of potential customers remaining in these markets becomes prohibitively high (Mike, 2004). The company invests considerable resources in its relationship marketing, and this ongoing cost may also become more onerous, should sales in its target market fall for any reason. Therefore the company faces the potential of having high marketing costs leading to smaller sales despite its dominant position in many markets. Conclusions Red Bull has demonstrated a novel approach to marketing and has introduced a new product to the market that has spawned an entire new category of product. Through its actions, the company has become very successful and has become the market leader in its sector. Its use of a marketing message that is light on selling the product but heavy on building the brand image and associating it with extreme sports and other activities of interest to its target audience has possibly shown the future direction of much marketing effort. The current position of Red Bull remains strong in its market sector. However, as it is now the leading brand in many markets, it will find it difficult to maintain its position due to increased competition from other brands that have seen the opportunities offered by the sector. The growing age of its original target audience may also prove a factor; the company has deliberately addressed a youthful market and as these original customers grow older, it remains to be seen whether the product will continue to appeal to newer generations. However, the company can n develop new markets, and it can potentially reduce costs by focusing on domestic production. These new markets may allow the development of complimentary new products. . It is possible that these could then be sold in its mature markets, widening its product portfolio. Whether the company remains successful will depend on a number of factors. Primarily, there is a question of whether the brand can continue to be trendy now that it is well established in the market. It faces increasing competition in its sector, and this will affect sales unless the company can successfully fend it off. However, it can still expand into new markets and streamline its production facilities to allow the business to continue to grow. Future of Red Bull and Recommendations In order to protect its position and continue to grow, the company should embrace the opportunities offered in emerging markets. It should also work to streamline its distribution to reduce costs. This could be through domestic production or through setting up alliances with existing distributors in those regions. The competition to Red Bull is only likely to increase as more manufacturers seek to exploit its market sector. Emerging products may replace the Red Bull brand image of being cutting edge and anti-establishment; one company cannot keep this mantle forever. The company should therefore consider adapting its message to existing consumers as they mature. The company is well placed to make this transition. However, it cannot simply rely on existing customers, but must appeal to new consumer groups. This could be assisted by the launching of additional products aimed at different demographics. Red Bull is used as a mixer for spirits such as vodka. This offers an additional opportunity to target the more mature audience by launching pre-mixed alcoholic drinks. Red Bull has shown itself adept at social media. The company should develop this as far as possible, embracing new technologies as they arise. This is vital for it to maintain its relationship marketing and also allow the brand to continue to spread through word-of-mouth and sharing of information online. Since the company has so much news to share from the events and teams it sponsors, it has a readymade store of information. This could prove to be important in maintaining brand loyalty in the future. References Aaker, D. A. McLoughlin, D. (2010), Strategic Market Management: Global Perspectives, UK: John Wiley Sons Allen, M. (2001), Analysing the Organisational Environment, UK: Select Knowledge Boswijk, A., Thijssen, T. Peelen, E. (2007), The Experience Economy: A New Perspective, Netherlands: Pearson Education Benelux Dahlen, M., Lange, F. Smith, T. (2010), Marketing Communications: A Brand Narrative Approach, UK: John Wiley Sons Euromonitor (2012), Red Bull GMBH in Soft Drinks (World), available from http://www.euromonitor.com/medialibrary/PDF/RedBull-Company-Profile-SWOT-Analysis.pdf , accessed 4th November 2014 Fifield, P. (1998), Marketing Strategy, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann Forbes, Red Bull, available from http://www.forbes.com/companies/red-bull/, accessed 6 th November 2014 Franzen, G. Moriarty, S. (2009), The Science and Art of Branding, USA: M. E. Sharpe Inc. Hill, C. Jones, G. (2012), Essentials of Strategic Management, USA: South-Western Cengage Learning Kotler, P. Keller, K. (2012), Marketing Management 14th Edition, USA: Pearson Education Lamb, C., Hair, J. McDaniel, C. (2011), Essentials of Marketing 11th Edition, USA: South-Western Cengage Learning Lantos, G. P. (2011), Consumer Behaviour in Action, USA: M. E. Sharpe Inc. Lee, O. (2001), Internet Marketing Research: Theory and Practice, USA: Idea Group Publishing Mail Online (2001), Three Deaths linked to energy drink, available from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-59862/Three-deaths-linked-energy-drink.html , accessed 6th November 2014 Mike, S. (2004), Marketing and Sales, India: Lotus Press Murray-Webster, R. (2010), Management of risk: guidance for practitioners, UK: The Stationery Office Onkvisit, S. Shaw, J. (2009), International Marketing: Strategy and Theory 5th Edition, UK: Routledge Park, C. W., Eisingerich, A. B., Pol,G. Park, J. W. (2013), The role of brand image in firm performance, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 66, 180-187 Peng, M. W. 92011), Global Business, USA: South-Western Cengage Learning Pride, W. O’Ferrell, O. C. (2006), Marketing, USA: Houghton Mifflin Red Bull (2014), Red Bull Energy Drink Ingredients, available from http://energydrink.redbull.com/ingredients-red-bull, accessed 3rd November 2014 Red Bull (2014a), Events, available from http://www.redbull.com/en/discover/events, accessed 4th November 2014 Segrave, J., Carson, C. Merhout, J. W. (2011), Online Social Networks: An Online Brand Community Framework (2011). AMCIS 2011 Proceedings All Submissions. Paper 249. http://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2011_submissions/249 Urbany, J. E. Davis, J. H. (2010), Grow by Focusing of What Matters: Competitive Strategy in 3 Circles, USA: Business Experts Press